In a pioneering study blending modern genomics with ancient fascination, researchers have delved into the genetic intricacies of Psilocybe cubensis, the fungus responsible for producing psilocybin – the compound behind the hallucinogenic properties of magic mushrooms. The study, compiling genomic data for 124 isolates and cultivars of P. cubensis, unravels the impact of domestication and cultivation on the fungi’s genetic diversity.
The research, conducted by a team from Australia and the US, involved sequencing genomes from 38 isolates of wild P. cubensis in Australia and comparing them with 86 commercial cultivars whose genomes had been previously sequenced. The results unveiled a stark lack of genetic diversity in commercial cultivars, attributed to the effects of intentional or unintentional domestication.
Lead author Alistair McTaggart of the University of Queensland expressed surprise at the extreme homozygosity observed in some cultivars, suggesting intentional or unintentional inbreeding over the past half-century. The study’s reliance on a community of mushroom enthusiasts highlights the collaborative nature of the research.
The naturalized population in Australia exhibited greater genetic diversity, including unique gene variants controlling psilocybin production. These insights, the researchers believe, could pave the way for breeding “designer shrooms” with heterozygosity in psilocybin alleles, unlocking variety in psychedelic tryptamine production.
Beyond the scientific implications, the study acknowledges the historical significance of those who domesticated magic mushrooms, setting the stage for advancing cultivation and innovation with potential therapeutic benefits. The findings contribute to our understanding of psilocybin and its potential applications in drug development, offering exciting prospects for future research.
Note: Psilocybin, found in magic mushrooms, has gained attention for its therapeutic potential, including treatment for severe depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Reference: https://www.sciencealert.com/magic-mushrooms-why-psychedelic-designer-shrooms-could-be-the-future
