Philippine authorities on Monday rushed to distribute aid to evacuees after Typhoon Noru slammed into the main island of Luzon, killing at least five...
According to the National Center for Seismology (NCS), an earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale hit Chile on Saturday (local time). The depth...
The national capital reeled under traffic snarls and waterlogging problems with several key road sections littered with puddles of water as incessant rains lashed...
In another demonstration of its impressive capabilities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) James Webb Space Telescope has now captured the clearest view...
Union Minister of State (Independent Body) Ministry of Science and Technology; Minister of State (Independent Representative) Ministry of Earth Sciences; MoS PMO, Ministry of...
Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Shri Nitin Gadkari emphasized on reducing logistics cost from 14-16% to 10% with cooperation, coordination and communication...
The China National Space Administration (CNSA) on Sunday released a series of scientific research results from its first exploratory mission to Mars. The Tianwen-1...
Union Minister of State (IC) Ministry of Science and Technology; Minister of State (IC) Department of Earth Sciences; MoS of the Prime Minister's Office...
Australian weather forecasters on Saturday warned of possible severe flooding in parts of New South Wales as much of the country braces for unusually...
Adani Group Chairman Gautam Adani surpassed LVMH Chairman and CEO Bernard Arnault on Friday to become the world's second-richest person with a net worth...
European Space Agency astronaut Samatha Cristoforetti captured a photo of part of the Tanggula Mountains in China near Hala Lake as the International Space...
Bibek Debroy, chairman of the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council, said on Tuesday that India will become an upper-middle-income country by 2047 even as...
Let's assume it's the Late Cretaceous, roughly 66 to 100 million years ago. Dinosaurs and strange-looking early bird species roam the earth, although the...
Scientists said on Saturday they had identified the mechanism by which air pollution triggers lung cancer in non-smokers, a discovery one expert hailed as...
Seventy-six (76) start-ups were shortlisted for the 'India Water Pitch-Pilot-Scale Start-Up Challenge' by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) at an event...
A 31,000-year-old skeleton - of a young adult - from Borneo, Indonesia has undergone the world's first successful operation. The findings, published in the...
With rivers bursting, flash floods and glacial lakes bursting, Pakistan is experiencing its worst floods this century. At least one third of the earth...
The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) under the Ministry of Electronics and IT, Government of India, in collaboration with the Cyber Security Agency...
A 6.1-magnitude earthquake has struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, according to the Indonesian Geophysical Agency, the third tremor to...
On 25 August 2022, the 38th meeting of the India-Bangladesh Ministerial-level Joint River Commission was held in New Delhi. The Indian delegation was led...
Pakistan's historic monsoon rains and floods have affected more than 30 million people over the past few weeks, the country's climate change minister said...
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) today predicted heavy rainfall over East India under the influence of a cyclonic circulation lying over the North-Eastern Bay...
Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered the cell of origin of mixed...
Researchers at Jodhpur's IIT and AIIMS studied a dangerous bacterium called Klebsiella pneumoniae, a major cause of hospital-acquired infection, and found that it forms...
China's National Health Commission has said that COVID-19 has contributed to a decline in the country's marriage and birth rates, which has accelerated in...
In a recent study published a team of researchers from the University of Texas at Arlington, Valdosta State University, the Georgia Institute of Technology...
Two new hypotheses have been proposed that address the "double price of sex": one of the greatest mysteries in the evolution of sexual reproduction....
Scientists have developed a model to observe the hitherto elusive exomoons natural satellites that orbit exoplanets (planets orbiting stars other than the Sun) with...
Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, Union Minister for Chemicals and Fertilizers reviewed the progress of Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Limited (HURL)-Sindri and Barauni projects. In the...
Antarctica's coastal glaciers are shedding glaciers faster than nature can replenish the crumbling ice, doubling previous estimates of losses from the world's largest ice...
"We strongly regret that North Korea has repeatedly made baseless claims about the path of COVID and made very disrespectful and threatening remarks," the...
The government is promoting the adoption of smart farming methods through the use of technology and innovation in the country's agricultural sector. The government...
India has one of the largest National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in the world comprising 102 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes, 11...
A bomb attached to a handcart exploded in Kabul on Friday, killing eight civilians in an area mostly populated by Afghanistan's minority Shiite Muslim...
The floods damaged more than 46,200 houses, the National Disaster Management Authority said on Friday. Flash floods caused by abnormally heavy monsoon rains have...
Dr. Northumbria University's Shafeer Kalathil is one of a team of academics behind the project, which uses a chemical process that converts sunlight, water...
A fruitful discussion was held in Delhi today between the Deputy Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Mr. Jamshid Khodjaev and the Union Minister of Agriculture...
Union Minister of State (Independent Representative) for Science and Technology; Minister of State (Independent Representative) for Earth Sciences; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions,...
The Government of India is constantly working to increase agricultural productivity, farmers' income and their welfare in a sustainable manner. Accordingly, the budget of...
The Environmental Performance Index 2022 report, prepared by researchers at Yale University and Columbia University, made inferences about countries regarding their environmental health, ecosystem...
On a warm July day in 1972, NASA launched a new Earth-imaging satellite called the Earth Resources Technology Satellite. "ERTS" was the first satellite...
NASA has awarded Draper, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, a contract to deliver Artemis science probes to the moon in 2025. The commercial delivery is part...
The worlds of the solar system beyond Earth have amazing surface properties. Thanks to planetary science missions, we see images of canyons, craters and...
The World Health Organization has activated the highest level of alert for a growing monkeypox outbreak, declaring the virus a public health emergency of...
Evolution has long been considered a rather random process, with species' traits shaped by random mutations and environmental events and thus largely unpredictable. But...
Microsoft is an American multinational technology corporation that manufactures computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best-known software products are the...
Every spring, migratory birds from South and Central America arrive in the continental United States to breed. But exactly when each spring arrives varies...
With millions of plant and animal species scattered across every biome on the planet, biodiversity is a complex subject. Experts from around the world...
The Himalayan glaciers are of paramount importance in the Indian context, especially for the millions of people living downstream who rely on these perennial...
Three thousand light-years away, a dying star is shedding shells of glowing gas. This Hubble Space Telescope image reveals the Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC...
More of the world's coastal glaciers are melting faster than ever, but exactly what's triggering the large-scale retreat has been difficult to determine because...
A heatwave sweeping across southwestern Europe is expected to peak in Spain on Thursday, with sweltering temperatures already fueling wildfires in the Iberian Peninsula...
Views of space keep getting better. NASA's $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope released four new science images on July 12, including newborn stars...
Big data has well and truly arrived. But for all its enormous potential, it presents unprecedented challenges to researchers in the field. "Scientists, from...
Many people fear the ability of future quantum computers to crack the cryptographic keys on which modern life depends; these protect everything from smartphone...
Scientists have identified more than 1,500 genetic differences between migratory and migratory hoverflies. A team led by the University of Exeter photographed migratory insects...
The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change has organized a "Hariyali Mahotsav" - Tree Festival, at Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi, today celebrating the...
Testing for the world's most powerful particle collisions resumed at CERN, Europe's particle-physics laboratory, after three years of development of its equipment. With its...
The Aditya L1 is a spacecraft coronagraphy spacecraft to study the solar system, currently designed and developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)...
Betacoronaviruses, including those that caused the SARS epidemic, MERS, and COVID-19, are a group of coronaviruses that infect humans and animals. The vaccine works...
Led by Dr. Huilin Gao, an associate professor in the Zachry Department of Social and Environmental Engineering at Texas A&M University, researchers have created...
The Liveability Index is a composite indicator based on standards related to lifestyle factors including Social Infrastructure, Travel, Public Transport, Public Open Space, Access...
At the onset of the southwest rainfall in almost all parts of the country, the Indian Meteorological Department predicted ‘heavy and extremely heavy’ rains...
With the advent of modern telescopes and astronomical observations, astronomers have been able to identify many distant galaxies. These were some of the first...
It may seem that technology is advancing year after year, as if by magic. But behind all the ongoing development and successful transformation there...
Project developers can purchase land with private land to present as deforestation compensation against deforestation through non-forestry activities, in accordance with Forest Act (Conservation...
CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh & Engineers India Limited (EIL), New Delhi have signed a joint sale agreement for Earthquake Warning System. CSIR-CSIO has joined Engineers India...
Floods in urban areas cost the American people more than $ 106 billion between 1960 and 2016, damaged property, disrupted businesses and took people's...
India received 8% less rainfall than average in June due to low rainfall inland, the weather office said Thursday.The cotton, soybean and sugarcane regions...
Some conservation scientists have warned that an international agreement to protect the environment is in jeopardy after negotiations stalled during international talks in Nairobi...
A new report released today by NITI Aayog highlights that green hydrogen can substantially spur industrial carbonisation and economic growth for India in the...
As the world struggles with climate change, will increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) be a help or a hindrance? climate change, and public...
At 190 years of age, the Seychelles giant tortoise recently made headlines for being "the world's oldest living animal." Although, rare evidence such as...
Warming and fires are destroying grain crops in Tunisia, and predictions of a farmers' union will not meet government expectations. The North Africa country...
In the largest epidemiologic study of arsenic and congenital effects to date, researchers from the University of Illinois Chicago and collaborative institutions have measured...
India will introduce a safety measurement system for passenger cars - a move that hopes we will encourage manufacturers to provide improved safety features...
A new study published by science researchers reveals sensitive, rare data describing the prevalence of obesity in the United States more than 13,800 -...
China and India should resolve their border issues by negotiating and negotiating as common interests in both countries outweigh their differences, Chinese Foreign Minister...
A team of researchers led by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) shows that adhering to climate-related policies actually changes the way...
Water pollution is a major cause of waterborne diseases worldwide, especially in developing countries. Polluted water affects the health of the present generation and...
The use of ICT under a comprehensive initiative called PM in VIDYA by the Department of School Education, Department of Education, especially during the...
With global temperatures rising, the desert climate has spread northward about 100 miles to parts of Central Asia since the 1980's, a meteorological...
The union Minister of Road Transport and Highways Shri Nitin Gadkari has proposed the establishment of an Innovation Bank for new ideas, research findings...
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese on Friday said he would attend a "significant" NATO summit in Madrid later this month as the United States-led...
The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF& CC), in line with the Prime Minister's Skill India Mission, has spearheaded a campaign to...
In Collaboration of Indonesian Navy and India navy, the 38th India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol (IND-INDO CORPAT) has been started June 13, 2022, over the Andaman...
Brazil has put forward "very ambitious" climate commitments and the United States hopes the Brazilian government meets them, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken...
The 2021 World Happiness Report was released by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network and Finland was also crowned as the happiest country in...
Southwest monsoon may continue in Goa and southern areas of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh in the next two days, India's Department of Environmental Affairs...
Solid waste disposal is a serious and widespread problem in urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal waste collection and...
Japan businessmen issued a joint statement on Friday calling for a relaxation of border controls, as the country begins to gradually reduce its COVID-19...
NASA and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) have issued guidelines that provide adaptation services and mitigate the effects of climate change. The guide,...
Researchers have concluded that earth-dwelling animals have a keen sense of color and that these water-repellent are remarkably resilient. Animals that are accustomed to...
Many researchers have provided information on the ice age in the Central Himalayas through various modern dating methods. Many cases of snow development have...
The unusual combination of political, economic, and technological power now facing the world may be repeated for generations. The Ukraine war plunges us into...
Congress leader Jairam Ramesh on Sunday accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi of hypocrisy and said that although he had weakened India's environmental and forestry...
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese was in Indonesia on Monday to meet with its President Joko Widodo and the coastal relations between the two...
Researchers at the University of Queensland led a joint study examining seafood in eastern Australia and central Asia and then applied the method of...
Minister of State (Independent) Science and Technology; Minister of State (Independent Charge ) Earth Science; MoS PMO, Workers, Public Complaints, Pensions, Atomic Energy and...
The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season has officially begun, and NASA scientists are working with partners in NOAA, FEMA and other organizations to help communities...
World Resources Institute President and CEO Ani Dasgupta, and WaterAid UK Chief Executive Tim Wainwright share why they think water isn't just a fundamental...
The Group of Seven Countries on Friday agreed that strict environmental controls should regulate deep-sea mining and that they would only approve such mining...
Increased drought in California could lead to electricity generation producing 8% of California's electricity generation compared to 15% under normal rainfall conditions, the U.S....
The mysterious dunes in the southwest corner of the Amazon Basin were once the site of ancient urban settlements, scientists have discovered. Using advanced...
In the past, developers have been encouraged to demolish old homes and offices, and to install buildings that require less heating.The number of demolished...
How viable ecological measures in agribusiness are for biodiversity and wild honey bee populaces relies upon different variables and your point of view. This...
Meeting the targeted climate will require significant removal of carbon dioxide in addition to reducing emissions. To achieve this in a sustainable manner, a...
A magnitude 6 magnitude earthquake struck the northern Arctic Arctic Archipelago in Svalbard on Saturday, the European-Mediterranean Seismological Center reported, although police said there...
Researchers are increasingly concerned that the earth will be left two years later in the process of finalizing a new global framework for biodiversity...
Universally practically identical information on biodiversity is expected to safeguard compromised biological systems, reestablish annihilated environments and check the adverse consequences of worldwide biodiversity...
Finishing an almost 30-year long distance race, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has adjusted more than 40 "milepost markers" of existence to assist scientists with...
The yellow-billed hornbill, a cousin of Zazu's favorite fan of The Lion King, is facing extinction due to extreme weather. Researchers have investigated the...
The world's oceans have grown to an unprecedented level of acidity last year, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Wednesday, as UN officials...
Streams and rivers are the lifeblood of our planet, the most popular biodiversity and essential for human life: It provides drinking water, protects it...
In the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, by AIP Publishing, scientists at Colorado State University and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have...
A beautiful non-toxic snake, previously unknown to science, was discovered in Paraguay and described by Paraguayan researchers NGO Para La Tierra in collaboration with...
Minister for Environment, Forestry and Climate Change, Shri. Bhupender Yadav participated in the BRICS High Level Summit held on 13 May 2022. Speaking at...
Climate change is a long-term, continuous process of global warming and climate; evolution driven by human activities.For more than 4.5 billion years, the Earth...
Compared to the rapid change of atmospheric climate, the ever-changing ocean shows strong resilience, or "memory," meaning that tomorrow's ocean temperatures may look as...
For decades scientists have observed a series of catastrophic landslides called slope streaks on Mars. Viking orbiters first appeared in the 1970s, all orbiter...
As a step towards the Indian Government's efforts to promote renewable energy and thus develop into a neutral economy, under the leadership of Union...
Wetlands contribute equally to global carbon dioxide emissions. However, the ability of carbon dioxide reserves depends on the interaction between plants and geomorphology that...
Scientists have developed a new theoretical model for measuring congestion in the solar corona produced by a disorder in the electric fluid, a magnetic...
According to a new study by scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), plant emissions produced a previously unknown phenomenon in the Amazon...
The nearby black holes and their stellar counterparts created a gallery of astrophysical rogues in this new NASA demonstration.
Stars born more than 20 times...
New NASA meteorological observations suggest that a massive volcanic eruption called “flood basalt eruptions” could dramatically warm the Earth's climate and destroy the ozone...
India's demand for electricity reached a record high in April as its northern provinces recovered from the hottest months before the summer decades, with...
Steps have been taken between India and Germany on agro-ecology and sustainable management of natural resources. In this regard, the Minister of Agriculture and...
Some relief from the expected heat as the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted a ‘decrease’ in temperature wave conditions in many parts of...
The massive mimicry of the Earth's two million years ago provides evidence that temperatures and other planetary conditions contributed to premature human migration -...
Protected areas - such as national parks, national parks, and deserts - are important for biodiversity conservation. A new study published in Environmental Research...
Northwestern and central India recorded the highest temperatures in April for the past 121 years, the Indian Department of Environmental Affairs (IMD) said on...
Mumbai During the last two-day workshop on 'Flood Risk' in Mumbai, former municipal commissioner Ajoy Mehta said the floods in Mumbai were a catastrophic...
MIT researchers have developed a portable salt extraction unit, weighing less than 10 pounds , which can extract particles and salts to produce drinking...
In the study, scientists conducted a first comprehensive study of how Climate change will reorganize the virome of mammals worldwide. The work focuses on...
Arcadia Earth 'is a New York City-based art exhibition that utilizes the unpopular reality of taxpayers we see spreading awareness about the impact of...
Researchers have developed a sophisticated IoT-based welding machine that is faster than conventional fusion welding methods or solid-state processes currently used with minimal power...
Drought-related wildfires have destroyed 166 homes in northern New Mexico and are still threatening hundreds as strong winds puff up flames in mountainous areas,...
Russia fired two shots at Kyiv during a visit by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Ukrainian officials said, as Moscow suppressed the eastern invasion that...
India's northwestern state of Rajasthan has planned four hours of power outages for industry, making it at least the third region to disrupt industrial...
On Wednesday Biden management identified new potential areas for coastal development along the coast of Oregon and a few inland Atlantic states, their latest...
On Wednesday Prime Minister Narendra Modi issued a stern warning about rising temperatures and the number of fires in dumping grounds, dumping sites and...
Under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to develop First and Last Mile Connectivity through Ropeways, Minister of Transport and Highways Shri...
Emmanuel Macron successfully defeated his right rival Marine Le Pen on Sunday, starting a political political earthquake in Europe but acknowledged dissatisfaction with his...
Climate change threatens people with food and water shortages, floods, extreme heat, additional diseases, and economic losses. Migration and conflict can be the result....
China should raise air quality levels as continued smoke continues to have a negative impact on public health despite recent developments, said a government-sponsored...
Transportation is an essential element of modern life, but the traditional burning engine quickly becomes obsolete. Petrol or diesel cars are highly polluting and...
Actress Priyanka Chopra Jonas and her husband pop star Nick Jonas have reportedly named their daughter Malti Marie Chopra Jonas.
The American entertainment website TMZ,...
SATCOM Networks to operate Satellite Ships
NASA has selected six American satellite communications providers (SATCOM) on April 20 to begin developing and deploying nearby Earth...
The review, distributed in the diary Nature Communications, depends on an investigation of the actual cycles controlling grain movement combined with an examination of...
Minister of Information and Broadcasting Union Shri Anurag Thakur today visited the National Museum of Indian Cinema (NMIC) located at the Films Division Complex...
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have analyzed a number of widely used products in order to better understand these...
Singapore and New Zealand will work together on green technologies to combat climate change, the two prime ministers said on Tuesday. Joint efforts will...
Progressively huge and serious rapidly spreading fires in the Pacific Northwest are changing the occasional example of air contamination and causing a spike in...
Oil costs moved to almost three-week highs on Monday as fears over close worldwide stock developed, with the extending emergency in Ukraine raising the...
The pressures of lockdown have uncovered divisions among Shanghai occupants, setting youthful in opposition to old, local people against outcasts, or more all, COVID-pessimistic...
Ukrainian authorities have condemned the Russian offensive in northeastern cities and the continued siege of the southern port city of Mariupol, Moscow, which has...
Climate change activists have forced the closure of a stadium in central Paris on Saturday to protest environmental plans proposed by the remaining French...
Since the mid-twentieth century, examination and conversation have zeroed in on the adverse consequences of abundance nitrogen on earthly and amphibian biological systems. Nonetheless,...
Researchers have settled a 100-year-old secret about the transformative connections between intestinal sickness parasites that contaminate people and chimpanzees.
They have found that the parasite...
A study published in Nature by an international team of scientists provides clear evidence of a link between astronomical evolution and human evolution. By...
India is likely to experience normal rainfall during storms in the southwest this year, India's Ministry of Meteorology said on Thursday. Rainfall will be...
No less than 45 individuals were killed after Monday's strongly weighty precipitation in South Africa's eastern waterfront region of KwaZulu-Natal overwhelmed settlements, attacked homes,...
Published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, this study highlights the integration of the entire African continent into biodiversity during...
The confusing, decade-long decline of summer heat throughout Greenland's has been described by researchers at Hokkaido University in Japan. Their observational analysis and computer...
Taiwan's military delivered a handbook on common protection interestingly on Tuesday, giving residents endurance direction in a conflict situation as Russia's intrusion of Ukraine...
The coldest and farthest Neptune, our most distant planetary planet, adds to its popularity as a mysterious planet, with astronomers puzzled by the dramatic...
A team of scientists has developed a computerized hybrid material that can absorb greenhouse methane gas, convert it into a Hydrogen purifier and mimic...
The study proposes trees are more significant as environment, air controllers than as consumable products. The idea of biological system administrations permits specialists to...
Climate scientists cite Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (or AMOC) among the major points on the way to planetary climate catastrophe. The Atlantic Ocean acts...
The Minister of Forestry, Forestry and Fisheries for the 20th anniversary of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) was held at the Pakketiger reserve...
New research provides the first evidence that greenhouse gases have a long-term effect on the warmer waters of the Amundsen Sea in Western Antarctica....
Minister of State Science and Technology; Minister of StateEarth Science; MoS PMO, Workers, Public Complaints, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, DrJitendra Singh today said...
Environment and strategy specialists examined the reality of environment sway on South Asia as featured in the IPCC report, and the variation and relief...
A few Indian foundations/colleges/associations (Geological Survey of India (GSI), Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology(WIHG), National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), National Institute...
Water development and management plays a special role in the development of the national economy. Water is essential to the health, well-being and well-being...
At the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Glasgow, United Kingdom, India shared...
Service of Mines has reported the National Mineral Policy 2019 ("NMP 2019") in March, 2019 which supplanted the National Mineral Policy 2008. Consequently, the...
CEM (Clean Energy Ministerial) brings together the world's largest and leading countries, international organizations and companies to achieve one goal, to accelerate clean energy...
Researchers have discovered a galaxy that was nearly 136 million light-years away from the horizon. Low disk congestion, but internal disk shows star formation....
Government of India has extended the timeline for repayment of Ethanol Projects with timeline for repayment under the schemes
The Center has decided to extend,...
High-tech farming refers to agricultural activities that include the latest technology. It is an agricultural activity that requires a lot of money as it...
NASA's Perseverance meanderer, which has been looking over the outer layer of Mars since February 2021, has interestingly recorded the acoustic climate of the...
A worldwide group of researchers has demonstrated that Mercury, our nearby planet group's littlest planet, has geomagnetic storms like those on Earth.
The examination by...
Shri AshwiniVaishnaw, Minister of Technology and Communications, Communications and Railways, has announced that the government has approved the Semiconductors and Display Manufacturing Ecosystem in...
Very much like glimmer floods, streak dry seasons come on quick-drying out soil surprisingly fast to weeks. These occasions can crash yields and cause...
Flood, fire, and dry seasons energized by the environmental change could whittle down the U.S. government spending plan each year before the century's over,...
English police said they had captured 83 individuals in Essex, east of London, over the course of about 48 hours as environmental change nonconformists...
