Modern space research in India could be traced back to the 1920s, when scientist S. K. Mitra conducts a series of tests for ionosphere sensitivity by a radio station based in Kolkata. Later, Indian scientists like C.V. Raman and Meghnad Saha contributed to the scientific principles applicable to space science. After 1945, significant developments were made in an integrated space study in India by two scientists: Vikram Sarabhai founder of the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad and Homi Bhabha, founder of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1945.
The Indian National Space Research Committee (INCOSPAR) was established in 1962 by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru at the request of Vikram Sarabhai. Under Indira Gandhi’s government, INCOSPAR was replaced by ISRO. Later in 1972, a space commission was established with the Department of Space (DOS) to oversee the development of space technology in India in particular and ISRO was incorporated under DOS, established space research in India and established the Indian space program in its current form.
1950s and early 21st century with achievements
The Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO), an Indian space agency, founded in 1969 to develop an independent Indian space program. Its headquarters are in Bangalore (Bengaluru). The chief executive of ISRO is the chairman, who is also the chairman of the Indian government commission and secretary of the Ministry of Atmospheric Affairs.
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) operates a network of institutions nationwide. The paid sensor and load are being upgraded at the Space Applications Center in Ahmedabad. Satellites are designed, developed, assembled, and tested at the U R Rao Satellite Center (formerly ISRO Satellite Center) in Bangalore. Launch vehicles are being developed at Vikram Sarabhai Space Center in Thiruvananthapuram. The launch took place at the Satish Dhawan Space Center on Srihari kota Island, near Chennai.
The first ISRO satellite, Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975. The Rohini, the first satellite to be placed on the Indian-made vehicle (Satellite Launch Vehicle 3), was launched on July 18, 1980.. ISRO has introduced a number of space systems, including the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) communications system, television broadcasting, meteorology, and disaster alert and satellite Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) monitoring and management resources. The first INSAT was launched in 1988, and the system was expanded to include geosynchronous satellites called GSAT. The first IRS satellite was also launched in 1988.
In 2003 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee urged scientists to improve human settlement technology on the Moon and initiated programs for lunar, planetary, and laboratory systems. ISRO launched Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, the first investigation into the existence of water on the Moon and the Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013, the first Asian spacecraft to enter the Martian route; India became the first country to succeed in that in its first attempt. Later, the top cryogenic phase of the GSLV rocket became operational, making India the sixth country to have full launch capabilities. A new heavier-powered launcher GSLV Mk III was launched in 2014 to get heavier satellites and future human activity. Since then, larger rockets, more advanced satellites, and spacecraft have been developed.
The ISRO program has made some very special satellites, including Radar Imaging Satellite-1 (RISAT-1, launched 2012) and Argos and Altica Satellite (SARAL, launched in 2013), a joint Indian-French high-altitude campaign of the ocean waves. . ISRO then developed three other rockets: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) satellite polar orbit, Geostationary Space Launch Vehicle (GSLV) satellite geostationary orbit, and a GSLV version called GSLV Mark-III or LVM. Those rockets introduced communications satellites orbiting missions and missions to the Moon (Chandrayaan-1, 2008; Chandrayaan-2, 2019) and Mars (Mars Orbiter Mission, 2013). ISRO plans to launch astronauts into orbit by 2021.
How ISRO play significant role in the socio-economic development of India
•ISRO programs have played a key role in India’s socio-economic development and have supported the social and military base in a variety of areas including disaster management, telemedicine and navigation and testing equipment.
•ISRO spinoff technology has also discovered many important innovations in the Indian engineering and medical industries. India’s economic progress has made its space program more visible and efficient as the country aims to become more independent of space technology.
• In 2008, India launched about 11 satellites, including nine foreign ones, and became the first country to launch 10 satellites with a single rocket. ISRO has implemented two major satellite systems: the Indian National Satellites (INSAT) communications services, and the Indian Remote Sensing Program (IRS) satellites for managing natural resources.
Award in recognition of ISRO
•The U.S. The National Space Society has awarded ISRO award in recognition of ISRO’s efforts to achieve Mars Mission in its first ever attempt National Space Society.
The 2015 Space Award was awarded to the Indian Space Research Organization in the Science and Engineering category during the 34th Annual World Space Development Conference in Toronto Canada on May 20-24, 2015, ISRO headquartered in Bengaluru said on its website. It said the NSS presented the award in recognition of ISRO’s efforts to achieve the Mars Mission in its first attempt. the first attempt, to break into an elite club of three people from the U.S., Russia and Europe who have successfully launched a campaign to go to Mars or its orbit.
The ISRO spacecraft was launched into its nine-month odyssey on the PSLV domestic rocket from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on November 5, 2013 and had escaped from the Earth’s crust on December 1.
• In 2009, NSS, a non-profit non-profit educational organization, dedicated to creating a civilization of space, presented the same award to ISRO in recognition of their significant achievements in the success of the Lunar Probe, Chandrayaan. -1.
The award contains the Silvery Pewter Moon globe performed by Baker Art Foundry in Placerville, California, and is based on an image created by Don Davis, a well-known astronaut and astronomer, ISRO said. ISRO also claims that the Mars Orbiter Spacecraft is under a ‘solar conjunction’ on Mars, which will be extended until July 1, 2015.
