The British Astronomical Association (BAA) has been closely monitoring the intriguing celestial phenomenon known as Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks. This comet, which is approximately three times larger than Mount Everest, has recently caused a stir in the astronomical community by erupting for the second time in just four months, and it’s now hurtling on a trajectory that brings it closer to Earth.
Comet 12P is a cryovolcanic comet, characterized by its cold volcanic activity. With a colossal diameter of 18.6 miles (30 kilometers), it first erupted on October 5, marking its second eruption in the last four months, with the previous event occurring in July. The BAA noticed this recent explosion as the comet appeared significantly brighter due to the reflection of light by its coma, the gas cloud that surrounds its core.
In the days that followed, the comet’s coma expanded and developed what scientists have humorously described as “peculiar horns.” This unusual feature has led to comparisons with science fiction spaceships, like the Millennium Falcon from ‘Star Wars.’
The exact cause of these distinctive horns remains a mystery, but experts speculate they may be linked to the shape of 12P’s nucleus. Richard Miles of the British Astronomical Association suggested that the horns might result from a uniquely shaped cryovolcanic vent or some form of blockage that affects the way materials are expelled.
Despite its intriguing behavior, there is no need for Earth to prepare for a “deep impact” just yet. Scientists have reassured the public that the comet won’t come closest to Earth until 2024 when it will be visible to the naked eye. After this encounter, it will return to the depths of our solar system, not reappearing until the year 2095.
Comet 12P’s most recent eruption appears to have been even more intense than the previous one. While the exact size of the coma during this eruption is unclear, signs suggest that it was “twice as intense” as the earlier event. It’s expected that the coma has now returned to its typical size.
This comet has garnered significant attention due to its unusual behavior and characteristics. Discovered by Jean-Louis Pons in 1812, it is one of the approximately 20 known comets with active ice volcanoes, making it a fascinating subject of study for astronomers and space enthusiasts alike. As it continues to capture our imagination, scientists will remain vigilant in monitoring its cosmic journey in the years to come.
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