The past century has witnessed significant scientific breakthroughs and disruptions, shaping the world in profound ways. From the revolutions in physics led by Max Planck and Albert Einstein to advancements in genetics, chemistry, and anthropology, the scientific landscape has evolved dramatically. Practical innovations like bakelite, the first synthetic plastic, and the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production have had lasting impacts on industries and agriculture.
The nature of scientific research has also transformed, with contemporary science characterized by large, global collaborations and industry-funded projects. The dissemination of research has evolved beyond traditional papers, incorporating various communication methods. However, concerns about ethical, legal, and societal responsibilities accompany these changes.
The 21st century has seen disruptive discoveries, including the whole human genome sequence, efficient gene editing, the detection of the Higgs boson, and the direct observation of gravitational waves. The collaborative efforts and multinational funding behind these achievements have showcased the global nature of modern scientific endeavors.
The article highlights the changing relationship between science and society, emphasizing the lessons learned from past innovations, such as plastics and artificial fertilizers. International agreements, like those regulating greenhouse-gas emissions from ammonia production and eliminating chemical weapons, have been established to address the risks associated with scientific and technological advancements.
Looking ahead, the article underscores the need for global governance and regulatory frameworks for emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). While AI innovations, such as large language models and generative AI, offer significant benefits, there are growing concerns about potential harms. The absence of coordinated agreements for governing AI technologies is identified as a challenge that requires international attention and regulation.
In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of ongoing coordination in responding to new inventions, ensuring that disruptive innovations contribute more good than harm to society, the economy, and the environment. The unpredictable nature of future impacts necessitates proactive regulatory approaches to safeguard against potential risks.
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Reference: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-04021-2
