The term “man flu” is often used humorously to describe men who are perceived to exaggerate their symptoms when suffering from minor respiratory infections, such as colds. According to the stereotype, men are portrayed as incapacitated by their symptoms, lying on the sofa with a box of tissues, while their female partners, who might also be sick, continue to manage work, household chores, and caregiving.
But is there any truth to the concept of “man flu”? Is there a biological basis for men’s symptoms, or is it merely an exaggeration? And how does “man flu” compare to the actual flu?
Similarities Between “Man Flu” and Flu
For the sake of comparison, let’s assume “man flu” refers to the common cold. Both the common cold and flu are caused by viruses, although different ones. Flu is caused by the influenza virus, while colds can be caused by rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and common cold coronaviruses.
Both conditions share similarities:
•Treatment: Rest, fluids, painkillers, throat lozenges, and decongestants can help manage symptoms for both colds and flu.
•Symptoms: Both can cause fever, body aches, headaches, sore throats, runny noses, congestion, sneezing, and coughing. However, flu symptoms tend to be more severe.
Differences Between “Man Flu” and Flu
Flu is a more serious and potentially fatal respiratory infection, whereas colds are generally mild. Flu symptoms often appear abruptly, while cold symptoms develop gradually. Flu can be confirmed with laboratory tests and prevented with vaccines and antiviral drugs like Tamiflu. There are no specific tests or antiviral treatments for colds.
Importantly, “man flu” is not a medical diagnosis, unlike the flu.
A study titled “Man flu is not a thing” examined differences in symptoms between men and women suffering from acute rhinosinusitis, an inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses. The study found that while initial symptoms were similar, women recovered more quickly than men. This suggests that men are not exaggerating their symptoms and may indeed take longer to recover from colds.
Biological and Social Factors
Biological differences in immune responses could explain why men might experience more severe symptoms. Women generally produce antibodies more efficiently and have stronger immune responses due to having two X chromosomes and the hormone estrogen.
Social behaviors also play a role. Women are more likely to engage in protective behaviors, such as hand washing and wearing masks, and are more likely to seek medical care when ill.