Deinococcus radiodurans, famously dubbed ‘Conan the Bacterium,’ is a marvel of nature, capable of surviving radiation doses 28,000 times higher than what would be fatal to humans. Researchers have now identified the secret to its extraordinary resilience: a unique antioxidant blend that offers promising applications for human health and space exploration.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on December 9 highlights a trio of key components manganese, phosphate, and a small amino acid peptide that work together to create a powerful radiation shield. According to Brian Hoffman, a co-author and chemistry professor at Northwestern University, this discovery provides critical insight into the bacterium’s resistance. “Understanding the ‘magic’ potency of this antioxidant trio is a breakthrough in radioprotection,” Hoffman explained.
Known for its ability to withstand extreme cold, dehydration, and acidity, ‘Conan the Bacterium’ has even survived three years in space, outside the International Space Station. It also holds the Guinness World Record for being the most radiation-resistant organism. Earlier research suggested the bacterium could survive for millions of years on Mars, thanks to its antioxidant defenses.
Building on previous studies, researchers have developed MDP (melatonin-derived protective), a synthetic antioxidant inspired by Deinococcus radiodurans. Used in vaccines inactivated by radiation, MDP is now being studied for its potential to protect astronauts and individuals exposed to high radiation levels.
“MDP is simple, cost-effective, and nontoxic,” said Michaely Daly, a co-author of the study. “Its ability to be administered orally makes it an excellent candidate for mitigating radiation risks during extended space missions.”
Experts like Dr. Tetyana Milojevic from the University of Orleans, though not involved in the study, believe this research could revolutionize radioprotective technology. Applications range from safeguarding astronauts to improving treatments for those at risk of radiation exposure on Earth.
As scientists explore whether other organisms share similar antioxidant complexes, the findings may unlock new pathways for enhancing human resilience to radiation—both on our planet and in the cosmos.
