Magnetic north has been on the move for centuries, but its pace has dramatically accelerated in recent decades, causing navigational challenges across the globe. In a surprising twist, scientists observed a sudden deceleration in its movement five years ago, dropping from 50 km (31 miles) to 35 km (22 miles) per year.
The recent unveiling of the 2025 World Magnetic Model (WMM) by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and NOAA offers the most detailed and accurate map of magnetic north yet. This new model, which features a resolution 10 times finer than previous versions, will remain effective for the next five years.
Understanding Magnetic North’s Journey
Since the 1500s, magnetic north has wandered around Canada, driven by the interplay of two giant magnetic lobes beneath Earth’s surface one under Canada and the other under Siberia. Over the past two decades, it accelerated dramatically toward Siberia, prompting emergency updates to navigation systems.
Scientists have now developed a higher-resolution map with a spatial accuracy of about 300 km at the equator, compared to the previous 3,300 km. This precision ensures better navigation, particularly for global logistics and mapping services.
The updated WMM demonstrates the significant impact of magnetic shifts on navigation. For example, a straight-line journey of 8,500 km (5,282 miles) from South Africa to the UK would veer 150 km (93 miles) off course using the old model compared to the new one.
Fortunately, these updates will automatically integrate into GPS systems, ensuring that smartphones and navigation devices remain accurate without user intervention.
The magnetic North Pole was first identified in 1831 by Sir James Clark Ross in northern Canada. Since then, a combination of satellite data and ground measurements has allowed scientists to refine their understanding of its movement.
BGS celebrated the release of the updated model, humorously noting that even Santa’s sleigh navigation system would benefit just in time for Christmas.
As magnetic north continues its unpredictable journey, the 2025 WMM ensures that our world remains in sync, from logistics to everyday GPS navigation.