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Science and Technology Focus: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) CERN, there is a lot more to know about the particle physics

A decade ago, on July 4, 2012, scientists around the world celebrated the important news that researchers had found evidence supporting the existence of the Higgs boson. These basic particles, predicted to exist as a result of ideas developed in the mid-1960s, were discovered by ATLAS and CMS research teams at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) CERN, a European particle-physics laboratory near Geneva. in Switzerland. The discovery was a great success for the LHC, with thousands of engineers, researchers, support staff and professionals helping to make that possible.

And yet, as the LHC prepares for the third launch of its five planned missions, there are those who think this could be the final wind of particle physics or, at the very least, physics in the face of intense particle collisions. Their reasons? Researchers hoped to improve the current definition of basic particle theater and how it interacts with a standard particle physics model that is considered incomplete. Many are disappointed that the LHC has not received any suggestions for anything contrary to the standard model that could represent a step towards a more complete view.

A typical model is a combination of ideas developed between the 1950s and 1970s. Despite its amazing accuracy, it does not include gravity or black objects, nor does it specify the amount of matter over antimatter in the Universe, or other aspects of neutrinos.

The field of fear

In searching for answers, physicists often speculate about the presence of new particles, some of which must be within the limits of existing collides. But the LHC, the largest in the world, has not seen anything. Some fear that the field will be in trouble if the LHC does not come up with the goods. Critics have argued that, in the absence of clear clues, it would be unreasonable to expect governments to receive billions of dollars for another high risk and to continue hunting blindly. Without further ado, the field itself may soon wither.

This concern is justified, but they think the sole purpose of the LHC is to hunt for particles. Seeing a new particle is not in any way a meaningless effect. However, particle collisions such as LHC are also important in deepening our understanding of how particles known at least Higgs boson itself behave. The naturalist Peter Higgs is one of the most well-known names in science, but researchers still know very little about the particles that bear his name. Also, after the collision, it was the LHC that continued to unveil new information about Higgs’ chest.

In 2012, researchers at CERN estimated the size of newly discovered particles. They call it caution as a candidate for the Higgs boson, but they understand that more evidence will be needed to determine with certainty whether the candidate deserves a conventional model.

Thirty more data

In theory, the particles do not have a mass; rather, their masses are the result of their ongoing interaction with the so-called Higgs (or Brout – Englert – Higgs) field. Higgs boson is a wave in that field. The strength of any particle interaction with the Higgs field is expected to be equal to its weight, which means that heavy particles, such as the upper quark, have a stronger reaction than light particles.

Since 2012, LHC has produced 30 times more data on particle collisions with Higgs boson. Drawing on this data, ATLAS’s interaction with CMS this week reports the effects of Higgs’ interaction with complex particles. The results are consistent with a pattern predicted by experts more than 50 years ago.

To complete the picture, researchers also needed to examine the interaction between the Higgs boson and the simple particles – those, such as electrons, form the building blocks of everyday objects. As Giulia Zanderighi at the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich, Germany, and colleagues discuss the theory, the LHC should be able to recruit scientists in some way to achieve this goal, but a new generation of collisions will likely be needed for the work to be done. The best way to investigate this collaboration at LHC, as well as the question of what other tests may be needed, is the practical areas of research.

Process is important

Yet deep questions about the Higgs boson remain unanswered. Unlike all other known particles, its interaction with Earth does not occur with any of the four known forces: magnetic field, weak nuclear force, and gravity. This is surprising, and physicists hope that this unique feature will allow the Higgs boson to shed light on some important questions. For example, if the Higgs boson interacts with black matter, or other unknown particles, that interaction may leave a visible impression on chest behavior. Theoretical and experimental physicians have been exploring these questions long before the discovery of 2012, so corrections may be far from over.

Particle physics is not yet complete with what physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn calls popular ‘common science’ in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). Kuhn’s general science describes the work of scientists who practice, observe and evaluate within a given framework, as a general model. That is not to say that there will be no such thing as what Kuhn calls a “paradigm shift”, in which a radical change of perspective is needed to meet the evolving evidence. But like Rolf-Dieter Heuer, who was director general of CERN at the time of the discovery of Higgs, LHC data is also needed in search of physics beyond the conventional model. In order to find any flaws, one must have a good understanding of what is expected.

Source Journal Reference: Nature Editorial (4th July 2022), https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01819-4

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