HomeHealth CareResearch suggests that blood immune cells can proliferate

Research suggests that blood immune cells can proliferate

The ability of a cell to multiply and divide is essential for life, leading to the development of complex creatures from a single cell. It also makes it possible to replace worn-out cells with a small number of “stem” cells, which then multiply and specialize. However, in cancer, cell growth is no longer under control and becomes disordered.

Scientists at the GIGA Institute at the University of Liège have shown that certain blood immune cells, called monocytes, also have this ability to multiply to replace tissue macrophages, which are crucial for the healthy functioning of our bodies. This study is published in Nature Immunology.

The formation of complex multicellular organisms, to which human beings belong, requires the generation of billions of cells from a limited number of progenitor cells that first proliferate and then acquire specific morphologies and functions as they coalesce into tissues and organs.

 Our current knowledge shows that most of the cells that make up a living organism come from so-called “stem” cells that have been divided by a process called mitosis to produce more cells. These cells then stop multiplying to specialize, differentiate and form muscles, brain, bones, immune cells, etc.

If proliferation is no longer properly regulated, it can lead to the development of various diseases, among which cancers are the most prominent example. In a study published in Nature Immunology, Professor Thomas Marichal (Professor at ULiege, Welbio Researcher at the WEL Research Institute) and his team at the GIGA Institute at ULiege discovered that this ability to proliferate is not only limited to stem cells, but also a hitherto unknown function of blood immune cells , monocytes.

Blood monocytes, previously thought of as differentiated cells, are actually able to proliferate and generate a pool of monocytes in tissues to give rise to macrophages, which are important immune cells that protect us from microbes and support the proper functioning of our organs.

“This is a major fundamental discovery that changes our understanding of the involvement of cell proliferation in the formation and maintenance of our immune system,” explains Thomas Marichal, director of the study. “Our findings also suggest that the information that can be gleaned from a blood monocyte count, classically performed during a blood test, would reflect little of what is happening at the tissue level, such as during infection or inflammation.” because monocytes can proliferate when they enter the tissues.” He also adds: “Fortunately, this proliferation is extremely well controlled and does not lead to a tumor process. It has only one goal: to enable the most effective replacement of the immune cells that inhabit our tissues: macrophages.”

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