GLP-1 receptor agonists such as Ozempic and Wegovy have become well-known for their weight loss benefits. However an international research team warns that more studies are needed to understand how these medications might affect muscle mass.
In a recent commentary published in The Lancet, researchers raise concerns that while GLP-1 agonists help many people shed pounds and improve kidney and heart health, preliminary data suggests they may also increase the loss of non-fat tissue compared to traditional weight loss methods. While the data doesn’t conclusively show a significant impact on muscle mass, experts like dietitian Carla Prado and researchers Stuart Phillips, Steven Heymsfield, and Cristina Gonzalez are calling for more evidence.
The team emphasizes that while muscle mass is crucial for strength, it also plays roles in metabolism, immune function, and stress response. Muscle mass aids in glucose uptake, a key factor in managing insulin levels, so losing muscle could increase certain risks for people taking these medications, especially those with metabolic issues or limited physical activity.
For best results, the researchers suggest pairing GLP-1 agonists with nutrition and exercise plans. Evidence shows that increased protein intake and resistance exercise can reduce fat-free mass loss by 50% to 95%, helping maintain muscle alongside weight loss. Additionally, recent trials indicate that people who engaged in supervised exercise programs regained less weight after stopping these medications.
The researchers conclude that while GLP-1 agonists are effective, they should be used strategically and accompanied by interventions to support muscle health. They advocate for continued research to better understand and mitigate potential muscle loss, ensuring that weight loss is both effective and healthy in the long term.
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