Three unprecedented particles have been identified with the international collaboration of Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) in Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The discovery includes a new type of “pentaquark” and the first pair of “tetraquark,” which includes a new type of tetraquark. The findings, presented at the CERN meeting today (July 5, 2022), add three foreign members to the growing list of new hadrons available at the LHC. They will help physicists to better understand how quarks combine to form these composite particles.
Quarks are basic particles and can be divided into six flavors: high, low, attractive, bizarre, high, and low. They usually combine in groups of two and three to form protons like protons and neutrons that bind together atomic nuclei. However, in rare cases, they can reassemble into quark particles and five particles, known as “tetraquarks” and “pentaquarks.” These unusual hadrons were predicted by theorists about sixty years ago, at the same time as conventional hadrons, but more recently, 20 years ago, were discovered by LHCb and other experiments.
Most of the rare hadrons found twenty years ago tetraquarks or pentaquarks contain charm quark and charm antiquark, with the remaining two or three quarks becoming high, low or strange quarks or their antiquarks . However, in the last two years, LHCb has discovered a variety of rare hadrons. Two years ago, the partnership acquired a tetraquark made up of two charm quarks and charm antiquarks, and two “open-charm” tetraquarks that included charm antiquark, up quark, down quark, and antiquark strange. And last year it won the first tetraquark event “double open-charm” with charm quarks and antiquark top and bottom. Open charm means that the particle contains a quark charm without the same antiquark.
The findings announced today in collaboration with LHCb include new types of foreign hadrons. The first type, noted in the analysis of the “decay” of the badly charged B mesons, is a pentaquark composed of charm quark and charm antiquark and up, strange and down quark. It is the first pentaquark to be found to contain the strange quark. The findings have a significant value of 15 standard deviation calculations, far more than the 5 standard deviations required in order to obtain particle detection in particle physics.
The second type is a double-charged tetraquark. It is an open-minded tetraquark made up of charm quark, strange antiquark, and high and low antiquark, and was seen along with its neutral counterparts in the combined analysis of the decaying of the well-charged and neutral B mesons. The new tetraquarks, recognized by the numerical value of 6.5 (double-charged particles) and the standard deviation of 8 (neutral particles), represent for the first time the identification of two tetraquarks. we get it, ”said LHCb physics coordinator Niels Tuning. “We are seeing a discovery similar to that of the 1950s, when the‘ particulate zoo ’of harons first came into being and eventually led to the quark model of the common haron in the 1960s. We are building a ‘particle zoo 2.0’. ”
“Discovering new species of tetraquarks and pentaquarks and measuring their structures will help theorists build a compact model of the extraordinary hadrons, the nature of which is less well known,” said LHCb spokesman Chris Parkes. “It will also help to better understand common hadrons.” While some theater models describe rare harons as a single unit of tightly bound quark, other models consider them to be ordinary haron pairs that are loosely attached to a molecule-like structure. Only time and additional studies of rare hadrons will mean that these particles alone, some, or both.
Source: The findings on this has been presented at a CERN seminar at July 5, 2022, https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider
