A new study, conducted by scientists at the University of New Mexico, found that the old helium-3, which leaked to the Earth’s core, suggests that the planet be formed within the solar and nebulae, sparking further debate among scientists. scientists’ models of dynamic exchanges during the formation and evolution of the world include a metal core like a leaky lake that supplies the entire world with helium-3. The study, which included Zach Sharp, a UNM geochemist in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, involved two factors as part of the simulation process first, how helium-3 entered the deep world to begin, the process of discovering, secondly, how it came out.
Each year, about 2 kg of the rare helium-3 isotope gas emits from the Earth’s crust, mainly through a series of inland oceans, a series of underwater volcanoes worldwide. Helium-3 is the first, created after the Big Bang and was discovered in the solar nebula as Earth was formed. Geochemical evidence indicates that the Earth has deep helium-3 reservoirs, but their location and abundance are uncertain.
The global helium list contains two stable isotopes, a large amount of helium-4, and a rare helium-3. Unlike terrestrial helium-4, which is mainly produced by the decay of uranium and thorium, terrestrial helium-3 is primarily of ancient origin, was composed after the Big Bang and was incorporated into Earth primarily during its formation.
Now, scientists’ models of dynamic exchanges during the formation and evolution of the world include a metal core like a leaky lake that supplies the entire world with helium-3. The results also suggest that some volatiles may leak from the center of the garment. Helium-3 is derived primarily from nebulae, a large cloud of dust and other basic elements such as hydrogen and other ionized gases. As one of the first to be produced in the universe, most helium-3 was created during the early stages of the Big Bang.
“Helium-3 was invented at the beginning of the history of the universe, very early, which means within a few seconds of a major explosion,” said Peter Olson, a UNM geophysicist and lead author of the paper, “Primordial Helium-3 Exchange Between. .
Two things are important, even if they are small. First of all, it didn’t get there recently. It is an old part and some of the leaks are related to the root. The study, which included Zach Sharp, a UNM geochemist in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, involved two factors as part of the simulation process — first, how helium-3 entered the deep world to begin, the process of discovering, secondly, how it came out.
“The process of discovering, or the gas that makes up the solar system, is actually the gas that makes up the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn and is 15 percent helium,” said Olson. “It is the second most abundant component in those bodies (after hydrogen), which makes it the second most abundant component in the solar system.
“You soon find out that the surface could be so hot under such conditions that it could be ocean magma, just the place where you can melt the helium loss,” Olson said. “That brings helium to the earth, but not to the core, therefore, you have to melt it into a core metal. There have been laboratory measurements of melting helium in free metals, such as molten metal. .That is the first step modeling process, which tells us that you get one or more petagram (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 grams) of helium-3 at the core.
“It ‘s great to go with this. The question is”‘ how do we get so much helium in line ‘? This has always been a problem that has never been fully resolved, “Sharp said. It wants to ‘float’ high. It’s like taking a beach ball and trying to push it down to the bottom of a swimming pool. A backup will appear. How can you get helium to the end of a deep coat? It’s really a problem.
“It is usually not discussed in terms of the concept of nebular synthesis, but 15 percent of the nebula is helium. Most of them are hydrogen, so we go, that’s a lot of nebular gas. If you get this high pressure, like CO2 dissolves in your water in a soda can, and helium will melt down into the center of the planet. “
The second step in this process is tricky because you have to remove the helium-3 coating before it starts to leak inside. Many studies have speculated that helium was lost in the fabric as Earth solidified after the “Great Impact.” Giant Impact is the imaginary formation of the Moon during the collision of a proto-Earth with a planet the size of Mars in size.
“The Giant Impact was such a shocking event that the Earth’s atmosphere would lose a lot of gases, including its three helium. This is a critical step because otherwise, the core will not leak helium,” Olson said. The clothing line descended to the mantle where it would carry helium-3 from its source and return it to the surface of the water and volcanic areas, perhaps with the Rio Grande Rift here in New Mexico for example. “
“The amount of helium leaks is somewhere in the range of four pounds a year, probably enough to fill 50 balloons depending on the size of the balloons,” Sharp said. Many years after the formation of the Earth, we would not expect to see so much helium in the deep and inland. In fact, it represents the supply of life-giving water to the Earth. It provides a way to make the planet more resilient. “
Source Journal Reference: Peter L. Olson et al, Primordial Helium‐3 Exchange Between Earth’s Core and Mantle, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (2022). DOI: 10.1029/2021GC009985
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