A recent study led by Dr. Thomas Costello, associate professor at American University, has demonstrated that artificial intelligence can help reduce belief in conspiracy theories, a finding that challenges the notion that such beliefs are virtually unchangeable. Using an AI system called “DebunkBot,” researchers engaged 2,190 participants, all of whom subscribed to conspiracy theories ranging from fabricated moon landings to claims of microchips in Covid-19 vaccines.
Participants shared their conspiracy beliefs with the AI and engaged in a three-round conversation, after which they rated their belief in the conspiracy on a 100-point scale. The study found a significant reduction in belief among those who discussed their theories with the AI, with an average 20% drop in belief. About 25% of participants who initially held conspiracy beliefs abandoned them entirely after the experiment.
Dr. Costello explained, “In most cases, the AI can only chip away at these beliefs, making people a bit more sceptical and uncertain—but a select few were disabused of their conspiracy entirely.”
The effects of the AI-driven intervention lasted at least two months and applied to a wide range of conspiracy theories, though it was less effective for beliefs rooted in factual information. The success of “DebunkBot” suggests that AI could play a critical role in combating misinformation, particularly on social media platforms.
However, some experts, such as Professor Sander van der Linden of the University of Cambridge, raised questions about whether people would engage with AI systems in real-life situations and how empathy and affirmation were used to win over participants. Despite these concerns, the study offers valuable insights into AI’s potential to counter misinformation and promote critical thinking.
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