The border between India and China is not clearly defined everywhere. For certain sections of its 3,488-km length, no Real Control Line (LAC) has been agreed upon. India, following Independence, believed it had received strict borders from the British, but this was contrary to China’s view. China saw the British leave behind a disputed legacy on the border between the two newly formed republics.
The India-China border is divided into three sections, namely. Western, Middle and Eastern. The border dispute in the Western Hemisphere relates to the Johnson Line proposed by the English in the 1860s that reached the tops of the Kunlun mountains and placed Aksai Chin in the then princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Independent India used the Johnson Line and claimed the Aksai Chin as its own. China initially did not whisper when India said so in the early 1950s; however, in later years he resigned and said he had never agreed to the Johnson Line and therefore did not see why he should resign from Aksai Chin in India.
In the middle class, the conflict is minimal. It is the only time India and China have exchanged maps that they agree on. The disputed border in the East India-China border is beyond the MacMahon line. Representatives of China, India and Tibet in 1913-14 met in Shimla, where a memorandum of understanding was reached between Tibet and India, as well as Tibet and China. Although Chinese delegates at the convention initiated the agreement, they refused to accept it. The Tawang leaflet demanded by China was taken by India in 1951.Until the 1960s, China controlled Aksai Chin in the West while India controlled the border that reached the McMahon Line in the East.
Sixty years have passed since then, but the border issue has not been resolved. It has become one of the world’s longest-running border disputes. Since 1981, during the first round of border negotiations, officials from India and China have met several times to find a solution to this issue.
The two countries also participate in the Confederation of Action (CBMs) on the border with bilateral agreements signed in 1993, 1996, 2005, 2012 and 2013. At the beginning of the 21st century, both sides agreed not to allow border clashes. affect bilateral relations. This was included in the agreement on political parameters and guidelines for the resolution of the India-China border question signed in 2005. When Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited China in 2003, the two sides agreed on the appointment of special representatives for talks. aimed at reaching the demarcation framework that will provide the basis for boundary design and design.
Despite two decades of CBM and the collapse of bilateral relations, border incidents, known as “intrusion” or “violation” continue to be reported in the Indian media. The terms “entry” and “infringement” are sometimes used interchangeably in Indian English language journals referring to Chinese actions in LAC conflict zones. The Indian government, which denies Chinese occupation near the LAC since 2010, prefers to call it violation. Although denial and contempt for incidents along the Sino-Indian border was a common practice, at least once, the Indian government acknowledged that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) was invading Indian territory. The PLA reportedly entered a 10-kilometer zone in the Indian subcontinent east of Ladakh and set up a party-like camp on April 15, 2013. The incident preceded the visit of Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang to India on May 19, 2013. The April 2013 episode was not a crime pure. escape; it was, by definition the Indian government itself, an intervention — a deliberate and offensive LAC violation.
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