An international team of astronomers used a database of world-class telescopes, including the Subaru Telescope, to locate signals from the largest black holes in the galaxies of the dying galaxy in space. The appearance of these large active black holes is related to changes in the host galaxy, suggesting that the black hole may have far-reaching effects on the transformation of its host galaxy.
The Milky Way Galaxy where we live includes stars of various ages, including young stars. But in some galaxies, known as elliptical galaxies, all the stars are about the same age and are about the same age. This indicates that early in its history the galaxies had a period of sudden astronomical formation. Why this star formed in some galaxies but not in others does not make sense. Another possibility is that a very large black hole interferes with gas in some galaxies, creating an inappropriate place for star formation.
To study this theory, astronomers look at distant galaxies. Due to the limited speed of light, it takes time for light to travel through the empty space. The light we see in something 10 billion light-years away had to take 10 billion years to reach Earth. So the light we see today shows us what the galaxy was like when light left the galaxy 10 billion years ago. So gazing at distant galaxies is like looking back at time. But the medium distance also means that the distant galaxies look simpler, making studying harder.
To overcome this dilemma the international team led by Kei Ito at SOKENDAI in Japan used the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) to sample galaxies 9.5-12.5 billion light-years. COSMOS compiles data taken from the world’s leading telescopes, including the Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Subaru Telescope. COSMOS includes radio wave, infrared light, visible light, and x-ray data.
The team first used visual and infrared data to identify two galaxies: those with continuous star formation and those with stellar formation. X-ray data and radio wave data signal-to-noise were too weak to identify individual galaxies. So the team combined data from different galaxies to produce a high-frequency signal to the “medium” color images of the “middle” galaxies. In the central images, the team confirmed both x-ray and galaxy radiation without the formation of stars. This is the first time that such a phenomenon has been discovered in distant galaxies more than 10 billion light-years away. In addition, the results show that x-ray and radio-wave emissions are too strong for the stars to be defined in the galaxy alone, indicating the presence of a large black hole active. This signal of black hole function is weak in galaxies as star formation continues.These findings suggest that the sudden end of star formation in the early Universe is linked to the massive black hole activity. Further research is needed to find relationship details.
For more read: Materials provided by National Institutes of Natural Sciences. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220527101006.htm
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